In remote Aboriginal Australia it is assumed that schooling and accredited training will lead to employment and successful futures. For many adolescents in desert communities this learning trajectory is not working. Alternative learning pathways are critically needed. This paper explores alternative approaches to learning and literacy development and maintenance in community-based youth projects incorporating arts or multimedia aspects. Using case studies the presenters will demonstrate the agency and capacity that youth bring to bear when stimulated by optimal learning environments that are identity affirming, creative and demanding, and meet the realities of social literacy practice and community aspirations.